中文摘要：

目的 探讨抗HLA与抗主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类链相关基因A（MICA）抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用.方法 采用免疫磁珠流式液相芯片技术检测41例肾移植受者移植前后的抗HLA和抗MICA抗体,其中37例接受了1、3、6个月及1、2、3年的动态随访.分析抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的特异性,及其与血清肌酐和排斥反应的相关性.结果 移植前共有9例（22.0%,9/41）预存抗HLA或（和）抗MICA抗体,其中抗HLA抗体阳性2例（4.9%,2/41）,抗MICA抗体阳性6例（14.6%,6/41）,抗HLA和抗MICA抗体均阳性1例（2.4%,1/41）.另外有5例抗MICA抗体可疑阳性.除1例的抗MICA抗体为供者特异性抗体（DSA）外,其余均为非供者特异性抗体（NDSA）.37例随访者中,6例新生抗HLA抗体（16.2%）,3例新生抗MICA抗体（8.1%）,新生抗HLA抗体者的抗体滴度在随访3年中呈现上升趋势.9例预存抗体的受者,有4例（44.4%,4/9）发生排斥反应;6例新生抗HLA抗体的受者中,有3例（50.0%）发生急性排斥反应,而3例新生抗MICA抗体的受者均无排斥反应发生,二者间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.新生抗HLA抗体产生较早（术后3 d和7 d）的2例受者均检测到抗HLAⅡ类DSA,其移植肾均因排斥反应而切除.预存抗MICA抗体,且移植后发生排斥反应者在随访的每个时间点上的血清肌酐水平均高于预存抗MICA抗体但无排斥反应者（P＜0.05）;移植前抗HLA和抗MICA抗体均阴性者,术后发生排斥反应者在随访的每个时间点上的血清肌酐水平均高于抗体阴性且无排斥反应者（P＜0.01）;无论是新生抗HLA抗体还是抗MICA抗体,移植后1个月发生排斥反应者的血肌酐均明显高于抗体阴性且无排斥反应者（P＜0.01）.结论 预存和新生抗HLA抗体是移植后发生急性排斥反应的重要因素,而供、受者HLA和MICA基因错配是产生新生抗体的重要原因.

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies （HLA） and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies （MICA） to the development of acute rejection （AR） and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody （DSA） and non-donor specific antibody （NDSA） were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine （SCr） levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients （21.95 % ,9/41 ） had pre-existing anti-HLA and（or） anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients （16.2% ） developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 （8.1%） developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR （44.4%）; In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases （50.0%） were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred （P＜0.05）. In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period （P＜0.05）. The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at e