中文摘要：

我国现行灌溉水价偏低而起不到对用水户的用水需求进行调节,进而提高水资源利用率的作用。澳大利亚政府通过水价改革,利用经济杠杆提高了水资源的利用效率,促进了有限水资源的可持续发展。国内学者对我国长期实行的低价供水政策特别是灌溉水价造成的水资源浪费问题进行了研究,但缺乏运用价格杠杆协调水资源供求及利于激励节水的定价方法等具体内容的研究。本文在论述我国农业灌溉水价的历史沿革以及澳大利亚农业灌溉水价改革进展及成效的基础上,通过对中国与澳大利亚灌溉水价制度的对比研究,提出应对我国的农用水价进行改革,并对我国的水价政策改革提出建议,基于两部制水价理论,结合我国国情确定了引黄灌区新的水价,能为我国的水价改革提供理论参考。

英文摘要：

The existing irrigation water price is too low to regulate the water needs of farmers, neither is it enough to improve the water use efficiency. Australian government improves its water use efficiency and the sustainability of water resources via reforming water price system. There is some research on water price and relative policies in China in recent years, pointing out that the low water price, especially the much lower irrigation water price discourages water saving. In other words, lower irrigation water price can result in the waste of water in most irrigation districts. Till now there is less research on how to set a more rational irrigation water price, which can not only coordinate the balance between need and supply via economic leverage, but also address the actual situation of the farmers in China. In addition, only a little research touches on the water price that can encourage water saving. In this paper, the history of irrigation water price reform in China is reviewed and the main water policy in each stage is introduced. Then, the irrigation water price reform and the ＇cap＇ measure in Australia are introduced. Moreover, the achievements, as well as the different influences of the new and old water price policies on water diversion are analyzed. Based on the successful reform results of Australia, a comparison study on irrigation water price system between Zhanghe irrigation district in China and Murray-Darling Basin in Australia is done., It is urged that water price reform is necessary in China, and some suggestions are given. Having considered the existing water price mechanism and the actual situation in the Yellow River Irrigation Areas, we introduce a new calculation method for irrigation water price and suggest the irrigation water price in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin. The comparison results and the new method for setting water price can be used as a reference to the water price reform not only in the study area, but also in other irrigation areas in China. It is also i