中文摘要：

空间碎片的存在对在轨运行航天器的安全构成严重的威胁，同时空间碎片的不断产生对有限的轨道资源也将构成严重威胁。采用激光测距技术可实现空间碎片的实时高精度定轨，从而可有效规避其对航天器的撞击。为了开展高精度小尺寸空间碎片激光测距，研制了可快速平稳跟踪400 km以上空间目标的53 cm双筒望远镜，然后结合低功率高重频亚纳秒激光器和单光子探测技术，在该望远镜上研究和实现了空间碎片激光测距技术。结合激光测距方程，分析研究系统的空间碎片探测能力，当碎片距离为l 000 km时，能探测到回波光子的碎片最小尺寸约为478．5 cm。实际观测表明：该激光测距系统具有探测米级空间碎片（约l 000 km远）的能力。

英文摘要：

The existence of space debris has beenorbit. Space debris will occupy the limited andgenerated in the space will also be a huge threat.causing great threats to the security of spacecraft inprecious orbit capacities, so more and more debris The real-time high precision orbit determination ofdebris based on laser ranging technology can effectively avoid the collision between the debris and thespacecraft. In order to make high precision laser ranging to small size space debris, the 53 cm diameterbinocular was developed here, which was capable of fast and steady tracking space targets of 400 kmabove the ground. Combined with low-power high-repetition-rate sub-nanosecond laser generator andsingle photon detecting technology, the space debris laser ranging technique was implemented on thisbinocular telescope. According to the laser ranging formulas, the detecting capability of this space debrislaser ranging system was researched and analyzed. When the space debris was 1 000 km away from theground station, the minimum size of the echo photon which can be detected is about 478.5 cm. Thisspace debris laser ranging system has been putting into observation, and the practical observation resultsindicate this system has the capability to detect meter level debris in ca. 1 000 km distance.