中文摘要：

激光测距系统回波光子特性分析对激光测距理论研究、系统设计以及性能评估具有重要意义。结合激光测距原理并综合考虑影响激光测距的多种因素，如大气湍流、大气和卷云传输特性、目标距离等，从理论上推导了测距方程以分析研究回波光子的分布特性。同时，利用Matlab软件开发平台编制了相应的激光测距系统回波光子分布特性研究软件，通过设置测距系统中激光器、发射望远镜、接收望远镜以及探测器等相关参数可估算回波光子数，并同时显示相应的函数关系曲线。

英文摘要：

Analysis of echo photons＇ characteristics in laser ranging system is of great significance for laser ranging theory, system design as well as performance evaluation. Taking both laser ranging principles and a number of other factors--such as atmospheric turbulence, transfer features of the atmosphere and cirrus, target range, etc.--into consideration, this paper provides a laser ranging equation to analyze the distribution characteristics of echo photons. Correspondingly, a set of software is programmed with Matlab to characterize the distribution feature of echo photons. Once relevant parameters of the laser, the launch, the receive telescope, the detector and so on are set, the software can estimate the number of echo photon and illustrate the relation curve of the corresponding function.