中文摘要：

微RNA（microRNA,miRNA）是一类进化上保守、长度为21～23nt的非编码单链小RNA,参与个体发育、器官形成、细胞增殖、分化和细胞凋亡等生物学过程,并在其中发挥重要的调节作用。近年来研究发现,miRNA及其靶位点的多态将引起不同类型的疾患。文章主要从miRNA及其靶位点的多态类型,以及由多态性引起的相关疾病等方面来阐述miRNA的最新进展。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）,which are evolutionarily well-conserved,21-to 23-nucleotide-long,small non-coding RNAs,are widely involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes,such as development,organogenesis,cell proliferation,cell differentiation,and apoptosis.Recent studies have shown that polymorphism in miRNAs and their target sites are closely related to various diseases,such as tumor and cardiological diseases.This review introduces recent progresses on polymorphism in microRNAs and their targeting sites and the related diseases.