中文摘要：

本文从信息论的角度研究了数字全息信息量与记录光路的关系，证明了同轴傅里叶变换全息是实现全息信息量最大记录的光路。同时提出了一种新的简化相移数字全息显微技术，本技术采用四分之一波片作为相移器，结合计算机模拟原参考光，只需进行一次相移，拍摄两次全息图和一次物光强度分布图就可以有效的消除数字全息再现像中的零级像和共轭像。将新的相移技术与同轴无透镜傅里叶变换全息相结合，简化了相移步骤，实现了数字全息再现实像最高像素输出，从而提高了数字全息再现像分辨力。

英文摘要：

Based on information theory, the relationship between the information content of digital holography and recording optical structure was studied. In-line Fourier transform holography which could realize the maximum information content recording was proved. Meanwhile, a new simplified phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy that can effectively eliminate the zero order and conjugate virtual image was proposed. In this technique, a quarter-wave plate was used as the phase-shifting device, and the original reference wave was simulated by computer. This technique just needs phase once, only two digital holograms and an intensity image of object wave. With the combination of the new phase-shifting technique and in-line lensless Fourier transform holography, the phase-shifting process is simplified and the reconstructed image is outputted by maximum pixels. Thus, the resolution of the reconstructed image is improved obviously.