中文摘要：

受城市发展、民族政策等方面的影响，新疆的行政区划调整一直滞后于全国，现行行政区划已经不符合新疆经济社会发展的需求。在新疆跨越式发展和各省市对口援建新疆的大背景下，适时进行新疆行政区划的调整优化，对新疆经济社会的发展具有重要意义。本文基于不同视角对理想状态下新疆行政区划调整的方案进行了思考，得出以下结论：①在交通优先原则下，应着重构建交通主廊道，在成片绿洲区域建立起支撑区域城镇功能组织优化的集散地和交通枢纽等。②在经济优先原则下，可以将绿洲区域看作相对均质的空间，强化各绿洲区域中心城市基本职能对周边区域的辐射和带动作用。③在功能区原则下，应着重考虑新疆城镇的发展受制于自然条件和生态环境的严格约束，行政区划的调整应有利于实现地域主体功能和区域可持续发展。④不同原则下的行政区划调整方案的侧重点不同，应对不同原则下共同指向的城市优先进行调整，而对于某一原则下须调整的城市则可结合国家的战略方针、区域稳定和新疆经济发展形势等因素综合考虑。

英文摘要：

The reform of administrative division in Xinjiang has been lagging behind the whole country and behind its economic development affected by urban development and national policies. Under the background of supporting development of Xinjiang, adjustment and optimization of the administrative divisions have important implications for its economic and social development. Based on different prior principles, we carry out different schemes as follows. （1） Under the transport principle, it is very important to build the main traffic corridor and establish distribution center and transportation hub which can optimize the functional organization in the oasis area. （2） Viewed from the economic principle, the oasis area can be seen as relatively homogeneous space. It is important to strengthen the basic functions of the central city that can play a leading role in the oasis. （3） Under the principle of functional zone, we should consider the development of cities and towns in Xinjiang constrained by natural conditions and the eco-environment. Adjustment of administrative divisions should be conducive to the realization of the main geographical functions and sustainable regional development. （4） Programs which focus on different principles can lead to different conclusions. The common point at different principles will have priority to adjustment. The cities that need to be adjusted for a principle can be combined with national strategy, regional stability and economic development situation and so on.