中文摘要：

目的 构建大鼠心脏肥厚及移植模型来模拟临床心脏重构及逆重构过程,检测该过程中心脏胶原、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）及微小RNA（miRNA）的改变,阐述TGF-β胶原轴在该过程中的变化并筛选部分可能参与该过程的miRNA.方法 实验Lewis大鼠分为4组,分别为假手术组、心脏肥厚组、肥厚移植组及单纯移植组.以动物超声心动图、免疫组织化学、心肌细胞横截面积检测、实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测等方法对模型心肌细胞、心脏胶原和TGF-β的表达进行检测.miRNA芯片检测各组心脏组织miRNA的变化,对其中部分有意义的miRNA进行qRT-PCR验证,并通过miRNA靶点数据库分析其功能.结果 心脏肥厚组大鼠心脏重量、左心室重量、心室壁厚度和心肌横截面积均高于假手术组,而肥厚移植组均低于心脏肥厚组.单纯移植组心脏重量及心脏与整体重量比值均低于假手术组.心脏肥厚组胶原及TGF-β表达均高于假手术组,肥厚移植组中其表达高于心脏肥厚组.经基因芯片检测发现有82个miRNA在4个实验组中发生了2倍以上的变化,心脏肥厚组有1个miRNA高于假手术组,9个miRNA低于假手术组;肥厚移植组有26个miRNA高于心脏肥厚组,6个低于心脏肥厚组;单纯移植组有29个miRNA高于假手术组,11个低于假手术组.对其中6个miRNA进行验证,结果发现各组均发生了显著性变化,各组间△△CT差大于2倍,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 大鼠心肌肥厚及卸负荷模型能较好的模拟心脏重构及逆重构过程.胶原和TGF-β在心脏肥厚模型中增加,且经卸负荷处理后增加更多.较多miRNA在肥厚过程中发生了改变,经对部分miRNA作用靶点的查找发现,miRNA可能通过不同的机制影响心脏重构及逆重构过程.

英文摘要：

Objective To establish a reverse remodeling heart model in rats and observe collagen and TGF-β expression and relevant rmicroRNAs changes during reverse remodeling. Methods Lewis rats were divided into four groups including sham（NL, n = 10）, abdominal aortic constriction（AAC, n = 10）,heterotopic transplantation of abdominal aortic constriction（AAC-HT, n = 9）and heterotopic transplantation of normal heart（HT, n = 8）. Left ventricular wall thickness and LV cavity were measured by echocardiography. The cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area（CSA）was determined on HE stained sections.Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR were used to detect collagen and TGF-β expressions. miRNAs were detected by MicroRNA microarray. Results Heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness and CSA were significantly increased in AAC hearts compared to those in the NL and AAC-HT hearts. The collagen and TGF-β were increased in AAC hearts and further increased in AAC-HT hearts. miRNA microarray evidenced more than two folds changes on 82 miRNAs compared to NL（10 in AAC, 32 in AAC-HT and 40 in HT）.Conclusion Rat abdominal aortic constriction and heterotopic transplantation could be used as a reverse remodeling heart model and significant collagen and TGF-β as well microRNA expression changes were evidenced in this model.