中文摘要：

采用淹水非种植水稻土微环境模式系统,对水稻土进行1 h和1、5、10、20、30、40、60 d淹水培养,利用序列分析和Realtime PCR技术分析淹水培养过程中氨氧化古菌（AOA）的丰度和群落结构变化规律。结果表明,淹水水稻土中细菌（Bac）的丰度是泉古菌（Cre）的29倍以上,而氨氧化古菌（AOA）是氨氧化细菌（AOB）的4倍之多,淹水过程改变了细菌、泉古菌、氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的丰度。基于Arch-amoA基因的OTU分析显示淹水过程中AOA的群落结构发生了演替性变化：T12是r策略生存的AOA,仅存在于淹水初期;T4、T5和T9是k策略生存的AOA,存在于淹水后期;T1、T8和T16是r和k-策略共生存的AOA,它们存在于整个淹水过程中,淹水后期k-策略的AOA占据优势。淹水初期优势种群多样性指数大于淹水中、后期,PCA分析将淹水处理过程分成初期、中期和后期3类不同的生境;测序结果表明,16个优势OTU类型均属于泉古菌,且与来自不同地域的水稻土、旱地土、红壤和沉积物氨氧化古菌关系密切。

英文摘要：

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea（ AOA ） play an important role in ammonium oxidation in soil ecosystem, and predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in paddy soils. In this study, dynamic changes of abundance and community structures of ammonia-oxidizing arehaea were investigated in paddy soils that were flooded for 1 h, 1 d, 5 d, 10 d, 20 d, 30 d, 40 d and 60 d, using sequential analysis and real-time PCR. The abundance of bacteria was 29 times that of crenarchaeota, while AOA was 4 times ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB）. Based-on arch-arnoA gene, OTU analysis showed that the AOA community structures shifted at different flooding times ：T12, a type of AOA and r-strategist organism, was present only at the early flooding time. T4, T5 and T9, k-strategist organisms, existed at the late flooding time. T1, T8 and T16, r-k-strategist symbiotic organisms, appeared during whole flooding period. AOA predominated at the late flooding time. The diversity index of dominant groups was larger at the early flooding than at the middle and late flooding times. Sequencing results showed that all 16 dominant OTU types belonged to erenarchaeota, and had a close relationship with AOA from paddy soil, dry highland soil, red soil and sediments in different regions.