中文摘要：

非政府组织是公民社会建设的基本推动力量，由于组织目标公益性，非政府组缎相对政府先天具有道义优势。但现有研究少有对其公益目标实现的定量研究。生态与环境保护是非政府组织的传统优势领域，该文在国内首次对非政府组织的区域环境规制水平影响开展了定量研究。利用系统广义矩模型和空间计量模型。基于网络数据搜集、整理形成的分地区非政府组织数据库，对2002—2013年我国省际层面非政府组织组织数量对区域环境规制水平的影响进行了实证检验。研究证实：在省际之间，区域环境规制强度存在显著的空间正相关性，表现为相邻省份同高或同低；在省份内部，环境规制强度存在显著的时间惯性。还定量证实非政府组织可以有效改善区域的环境规制水平，非政府组织组织数量1％的增长在1％统计显著水平可以提升0．5％的环境规制强度。控制变量方面，以财政分权度衡量的地方政府经济发展意愿会显著降低区域环境规制水平；以进出口总额占地区生产总值比重衡量的区域开放度则会显著提升区域环境规制水平，“污染天堂”假说在中国缺乏事实依据，参与国际贸易会显著降低中国的环境污染；单位产出能耗会显著降低区域环境规制水平，且弹性系数大于2。该研究结论是稳健的，不同定义关键变量的回归结果方向一致。该研究从经验上证实非政府组织的发育确实推动了区域环境规制的进步。

英文摘要：

Non-governmental organizations （NGOs） are the fundamental driving force of the civil society. Due to the organizational objective of public-benefit, NGOs have an innate moral superiority compared with the government. However, few studies focused on the quantitative assessment of the NGOs＇ public-benefit objective achievement. Ecological and environmental protection is the traditional advantage field for NGOs and this article conducts a quantitative research on the effects of NGOs＇ regional environmental regulatory for the first time in China. By collecting and sorting data, we established a database for NGOs sorted by region. On the base of this database, this paper constructed a system generalized moment model and a spatial econometric model to make an empirical study on the effects of the number of NGOs in provincial level from 2002 to 2013 on the regional environmental regulatory. The results showed that the intensity of regional environmental regulatory had a significant positively inter-provincial correlation because the neighboring provinces always at the same level. Moreover, the results also showed significant time inertia within the province. This paper proved that NGOs were able to effectively improve regional environmental regulatory because when the number of NGOs grows by 1% , the intensity of regional environmental regulatory could be enhanced by 0. 5%. Our analysis also showed that, in terms of control variables, the willingness of the local government to develop economy （measured by the degree of fiscal decentralization ） could significantly reduce the level of regional environmental regulatory while the regional openness （ measured by the proportion of total imports and exports in gross domestic product） would improve the level of regional environmental regulatory greatly. Therefore, the hypothesis of ＇ pollution heaven＇ lacks the factual basis in China. In fact, participation in the international trade would reduce China＇s environmental pollution and emissions significantly