中文摘要：

目的：观察超负荷训练对心脏结构及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法：根据超负荷概念建立超负荷训练动物模型,训练8周后运用组织学、透射电镜、TUNEL法观察心脏结构变化及心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果：超负荷训练可致心肌纤维肿胀,排列紊乱,部分断裂及局灶状坏死,线粒体大小不一,空泡化,染色质边集等现象;超负荷训练后心肌细胞凋亡数明显多于对照组,与正常大鼠相比差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。且随着训练时间延长心肌细胞凋亡指数不断增高,训练组4、6、8周三个时间点比较均存在显著性差异（p〈0.05）。结论：超负荷训练可使大鼠心肌出现结构性损坏,其原因与超负荷训练致心肌细胞过度凋亡有关;根据超负荷概念建立超负荷训练动物模型达到了超负荷训练的标准,为进一步研究超负荷训练对机体的影响打下了良好的基础。

英文摘要：

The overly trained animal model is established according to the overload concept and the cardiac structure change and the apoptosis of myocardial cells are observed with the histology,the transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL.The over training can cause swelling,disorder,break and focal shape necrosis of the myocardial fibers as well as the different mitochondria sizes,vacuoles and chromatin change.The apoptosis of the myocardial cells after the over training is more than that of the comparative groups and is different with that of the normal mouses（P〈0.05）.The longer the over training time,the more the apoptosis of the myocardial cells and the results for the 4th,6th and 8th week are different（P0.05）.The over training can cause the cardiac structure change and it is related with the over apoptosis of the myocardial cells.The paper proposes to establish the over training animal model on the basis of overload concept.