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中文摘要：
采用中性Li2SO4水溶液代替H2SO4和KOH作为电解液制备了活性炭（AC）基对称型超级电容器，使水系超级电容器的工作电压由1．0V提高到了1．6V采用循环伏安和充放电测试研究了电容器的稳定电化学窗口．电化学充放电测试表明电容器在0．25A·g^-1电流密度下单电极比容量可达129F·g^-1，在功率密度为160W·kg-1时能量密度达到10Wh·kg^-1（以正负极活性物质的总质量计）．1．6V恒压充电1h后电容器漏电流为0．22mA．超级电容器的库仑效率接近100％．充放电循环5000次后容量仍可保持在92％以上．研究了电解液的浓度对电容器电化学性能的影响，发现随着Li2SO4浓度的增大电容器的电荷转移电阻显著减小，大电流充放电性能提高．活性炭基Li2SO4水系电解液超级电容器具有工作电压高、能量密度高和对环境友好等优点，因此有很好的产业化前景．
英文摘要：
In this work, we prepared activated carbon-based symmetric supercapacitors using Li2SO, aqueous electrolyte instead of H2SO4 and KOH, and obtained devices with an improved working voltage of 1.6 V from 1.0 V. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging/discharging measurements were used to study the electrochemical properties. The results showed that the electrode specific capacitance can reach 129 F g-1, and the energy density can be as high as 10 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 160 Wh kg-1. Electrochemical impedance analysis measurements showed that the charge-transfer resistance of the capacitors decreased markedly with the increase of the concentration of Li2SO,, and the rate capability improved accordingly. The leakage current of the supercapacitor was 0.22 mA after constant-voltage charging at 1.6 V for 1 h, and the columbic efficiency was nearly 100%. The capacitance of the supercapacitor remained above 90% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. Activated carbon-based supercapacitors using Li2SO, aqueous electrolyte have many advantages, such as high working voltage, high energy density, and environmental compatibility, and therefore have good industrialization prospects.
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