中文摘要：

近年来,非线性科学领域中最重要的发现之一就是随机共振现象：噪声、输入信号和非线性系统之间通过相互作用,适量的噪声能够最优地增强非线性系统输出反应;另一方面,随着芯片制造工艺精确到纳米级尺度,噪声成为计算设备芯片大规模集成技术所面临的一个重要问题。对于计算精度、速度以及能耗三者之间的关系,通常不得不牺牲其中一方面的性能以保持其他两方面性能的优势。不同于传统的电路设计理念,通过控制噪声驱动的非线性动力系统来构造逻辑设备的思路受到了研究者的关注。基于随机共振理论,噪声驱动的非线性系统能够被用来设计非线性逻辑门。综述了噪声驱动的计算理论的最新进展,深入地介绍了一些模型以及存在的问题,并指出了进一步研究的方向。

英文摘要：

Over the last few years,one of the most remarkable discoveries in nonlinear science is stochastic resonance（SR）,which provides an interesting example in which the addition of an appropriate amount of noise sometimes can optimally amplify output response through a delicate interplay among input signal,noise and nonlinear system.On the other hand,as the size of chip shrinks to nanometer scale,the unavoidable noise in electronic devices becomes a serious issue in high density integration technology.However,in the speed-error-heat triangle relationship induced by the miniaturization of microelectronics,one has to give up one of the three performance factors in order to keep the other two performance factors.Therefore,major breakthroughs are still needed to secure future performance evolution.Some researchers have shifted their attention to the construction of reliable logical devices through harnessing noisy nonlinear dynamical systems,which are essentially different from traditional circuit designs.Based on SR theory,noise driven nonlinear systems are exploited to design logic gates.In this paper,noise driven computing theory is introduced;its development and future challenges are reviewed in detail.