中文摘要：

科技实践活动应该遵循预防在先原则还是行动在先原则，这是学术界讨论的一个热点问题。技术行为过程及影响存在的风险和不确定性，使得这两种原则出现了局限性。因此，技术主体在进行技术行为时，应该遵从自己的自由意志，根据具体情境和特定形势在预防在先原则和行动在先原则之间找到平衡点，即应遵循自主性原则。倡导技术行为应该遵循自主性原则，除了是为了保证技术主体的技术行为和伦理责任相一致外，还具有更深层次的哲学意涵，包括维护技术主体的尊严、保障技术主体实践智慧的发挥及有助于技术行为成为道德的行为等。

英文摘要：

It is a hot issue recently in the academia whether to give priority to the precautionary principle or the pro- actionary principle in techno - science activities. The risks and uncertainties existing in the process and impact of technological behavior result in the limitations of these two principles. Therefore, technological subjects should follow the autonomy principle, namely, they should try to balance a perfect intersection between the precautionary and pro- actionary principles by following their free will according to the specific context and certain situation. The autonomy principle is advocated because it embodies some profound philosophical implications. To be specific, it maintains technological subjects＇ dignity, ensures they play their phronesis, and is helpful to keep technological behavior mor- al.