中文摘要：

用从盖住 6 个省， 36 个县和 216 个镇区的样品的村庄数据，收入不平等在以内并且在在农村中国的镇区之间被估计。Theil 索引和吝啬的对数的偏差方法使我们能在镇区水平测试收入不平等，并且把它分解成在县和省的层次 intra 地区性、内部地区性。在现在的纸，我们也分解收入不平等在之间并且在全国地指明的差的县(NDPC ) 以内。如果措施和政策目标为县水平，结果证明在农村中国的约三分之二收入不平等将被消除。这研究也证实中国基于在 NDPC 和 non-NDPC 之间的不平等集中于差的县的贫穷缓和策略说明最内部省的不平等的基本原理。

英文摘要：

Using village data from samples covering 6provinces, 36 counties and 216 townships, the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level, and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper, we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties （NDPC）. The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China ＇s poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality.