中文摘要：

以西瓜皮的炭化料为前驱体,KOH为活化剂（碱炭比1∶1～4∶1）,在800℃下活化1h制备超级电容器用活性炭电极材料。利用低温N2吸附法对活性炭的孔结构进行表征,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安和漏电流等测试方法评价了其在无机体系（3mol·L-1 KOH）中的电化学性能。结果表明,4种活性炭均属层次孔炭,孔径集中分布在0.8～4.5nm之间,包括0.8～2.0nm之间的微孔和2.0～4.5nm之间的中孔;比表面积、总孔容和中孔率最高分别达2480m^2·g^-1、1.521cm^3·g^-1和78.8%。4种活性炭电极材料的充放电可逆性良好,具有典型的双电层电容特性,质量比电容、比电容保持率最高分别达258F·g^-1、84.9%,是一种理想的电化学电容器用活性炭电极材料。

英文摘要：

Activated carbons for electrode materials of supercapacitors have been prepared from the carbonized materials of watermelon peel with KOH as activation agent at 800℃ for 1hour.The mass ratios of KOH to carbonization varied from 1to 4.The pore structure characterization of as-obtained carbons were performed by N2 adsorption,and the electrochemical performances were monitored by galvanostatic charge/discharge,cyclic voltammetry and leakage current in a two-electrode system with 3mol/L KOH solution as the electrolyte.The results show that the four carbons possess hierarchical pore size distribution mainly including the micropores from 0.8nm to 2.0nm and the mesopores from 2.0nm to 4.5nm.The largest specific surface area,total pore volume,and mesoporosity of the four carbons are up to 2480m^2·g^-1,1.521cm^3·g^-1,and 78.8%,respectively.The four carbon materials exhibit good charge/discharge reversibility and typical double layer capacitance,and the specific capacitance and capacity retention ratio can reach as high as 258F·g^-1 and 84.9%,suggesting that all the carbons are ideal electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors.