中文摘要：

通过利用1998—2007年中国工业企业数据库和251个地级市统计数据，以企业全要素生产率的离散程度作为资源错配的度量指标，本文实证检验了最低工资标准对中国资源错配的影响，并重点探讨了潜在的作用机制。研究结果发现，最低工资标准的上调有利于改善资源错配，且该效应在东、中、西三大区域趋于增强。同时，最低工资标准对不同类型企业的资源错配具有异质性影响，伴随着国有企业和非出口企业的资源错配得到改善，非国有企业和出口企业并未受到显著影响。进一步的传导机制检验结果表明，通过增加低效率企业退出市场的概率和对企业生产率的非对称提升作用两条途径，最低工资标准使得企业生产率的分布收紧，从而改善了资源错配。此外，上述机制在不同类型企业中存在显著差异，从而使得最低工资标准的资源错配改善效应存在异质性。对于国有企业和非国有企业而言，企业生产率的非对称效应占据主导地位；对于出口企业和非出口企业而言，低效率企业退出市场占据主导地位。本文的研究结论表明，尽管最低工资标准在短期内可能会通过推动劳动成本上升而降低社会就业，但从长期看有助于通过“倒逼机制”来改善资源在不同企业间的错配，从而实现经济增长与结构转型。

英文摘要：

Using the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database and 251 city-level data from 1998 to 2007, this paper measures misallocation with the dispersion of firm＇s total factor productivity （TFP）, and then investigates the effects and mechanisms of minimum wage standard on China＇s resource misallocation. The results find that increasing minimum wage standard is conductive to relieve misallocation, and the effect tends to be enhanced in the eastern, central and western regions respectively. Specifically, there is a significantly positive role of minimum wage standard in easing misallocation in the state-owned and non-export enterprises, while no effects in the private and export enterprises are proved. Furthermore, through the channels of decreasing the survival probability of enterprises with standard lower TFP and asymmetric positive effects on firms＇ TFP growth, minimum wage standard would tighten the distribution of firm＇s TFP. In addition, there are significant differences between the two channels in firms within different categories. The channel of asymmetric positive effects on TFP growth dominants in category with different ownerships, while the channel of decreasing the survival probability of enterprises with lower TFP dominants in category with different export enterprises. Therefore, even though minimum wage standard may lower social employment through increasing labor cost in the short run, it can relieve resource misallocation within firms in China in the long term, which would promote economic growth and structure upgrading.