中文摘要：

纳米零价铁（nZVI）具有良好的还原活性和吸附性能,已应用于土壤和地下水污染修复,且前景广阔。但性能优越的nZVI会与土壤组分相互作用,不仅可能影响土壤理化性质及其生态功能,也会影响nZVI的存在形态和修复功能。本文阐述了nZVI与土壤空气、孔隙水、黏土矿物、有机质、微生物等土壤组分的相互作用,分析了其对相应土壤组分及土壤整体理化性质的影响,探讨了各土壤组分作用下nZVI的形态转化,并提出了几个需要进一步研究的科学问题。本文将有助于nZVI环境修复应用领域的科学研究与技术进步。

英文摘要：

Nano zero-valent iron（ nZVI）,possessing excellent reductive activity and adsorption performance,has been and will be widely applied in the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. However,superior reactive nZVI can also interact with soil components,which may not only affect soil properties and its ecological functions but also impact on the existing form and remediation function of nZVI. Interactions between nZVI and soil air,pore water,clay minerals,organic matter,and microorganism are addressed,and the influences on the soil composition and property and on the transformation and function of nZVI are discussed. Under the influence of soil components,nZVI may be transformed to various iron-based chemicals,such as Fe3O4,γ-Fe2O3,α-Fe2O3,α-FeOOH,and γ-Fe OOH. Meanwhile,nZVI and its derivates would affect the soil environment by altering soil air composition,pore water p H,and/or physicochemical properties of soil clay minerals and organic matter. Furthermore,nZVI can also affect the soil microbial community,facilitating or inhibiting microbial growth and reproduction. The microbe initiating transformation can regulate the remediation function and fate of nZVI in the soil environment. At the end of the text,future research directions are put forward. This reviewis believed to boost scientific research and technology advance in environmental applications of nZVI.