中文摘要：

阐述了金属铪常用的几种制备工艺,如镁还原法、铝热还原法、熔盐电解精炼法、直接电脱氧法、碘化精炼以及电子束熔炼等方法。概述了各方法的原理和研究进展,并指出了各种工艺的优势和不足。

英文摘要：

The common preparation methods of metal hafnium were expounded, such as magnesium reduction process, aluminum reduction method, molten salt electrolysis refining, direct electro-deoxidation, iodide refining and electron beam melting and so on. The principle and research progress of these methods were outlined, and the advantages and disadvantages of these processes were pointed out.