中文摘要：

简要介绍了概念设计与常规设计的差别，强调了抗震概念设计的重要性。针对核电站在地震中出现的一些问题，基于概念设计理念，提出了若干建议，包括合理布局、多道设防、加强连接、明确简图、应用结构控制技术和振动损伤判别检测技术等。提出了若干具体做法，如把安全壳等做成地下双层结构，以实施多道设防和便于减少反应堆的地震响应；强化主结构弱化次结构，弱化连接避免耦联，简捷传力路径，分割结构体系，从而简化计算简图，提高计算精度；调整相关结构质量与刚度，调节布局改变结构振型，并且采用隔振技术与阻尼技术以减少响应等。

英文摘要：

Differences between the conventional design and the conceptual design are briefly introduced.The importance of the seismic conceptual design is emphasized.Some suggestions on seismic designing and retrofit-ting the nuclear power plants are put forward based on concept design ideas.They include a reasonable layout, multi-level fortification,strengthening the connection,a clear model,and the application of vibration control and damage detection technologies.Some methods are described in the paper.For example,the containing vessel can be constructed as a two-layer underground structure.Some statically determinate structures can be changed to statically indeterminate ones.The design can be simplified by dividing the structural system.The mass and stiffness of the structure can be suitably adjusted.The main structural components can be strength-ened while the subordinate members can be reasonably weakened.Through optimizing vibration modes,struc-tural responses can be reduced.Vibration isolation and energy dissipation techniques can be applied.Structur-al damage identification and diagnosis technology are also helpful.