中文摘要：

本文基于中国健康和营养调查（CHNS）数据，描述了中国农村居民医疗服务需求的特征和影响因素，探讨了居民医疗卫生服务的可及性、可得性问题。分析表明，农村卫生设施供给存在地区间的不均衡性，居民收入水平、医疗服务价格等与经济相关的因素仍是影响农村居民就诊决策和医疗支出的主要因素。基于本文的研究结果，相应的政策建议是改善低收入居民的经济状况，通过补贴来降低医疗服务价格，并使患者根据疾病的严重程度选择与业务水平匹配的医疗机构就诊。

英文摘要：

Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS）data, this article describe the characteristic and influence factors of demand for medical care, and discuss the accessibility and availability to medical care of rural residents. The results indicate that there is interlocal malconformation of health facility, and the economic factors are the main determinants that residents＇ visit decision and medical expense. Policy proposal are improving the economic position of low-income residents, reducing the medical care price, and making sure the patient choose the medical institution according to the disease severity.