中文摘要：

大通湖是湖南省最大的养殖湖泊.随着河蚬经济价值的提升,大通湖河蚬Corbicula fluminea（Müller,1774）的开发强度逐年增加.为实现河蚬资源的合理开发,本研究在对大通湖河蚬形态特征、现存量及其时空分布调查分析基础上,重点探讨了养殖和软体动物捕捞对其资源的影响.结果显示,壳长大于6 mm河蚬的平均湿重（BW）、壳长（SL）、壳高（SH）和壳宽（SW）分别为1.41±0.03 g、14.82±0.09 mm、13.73±0.09 mm和9.72±0.06 mm,平均相对高度、圆度和凸度分别为0.930±0.001、0.660土0.001和0.710±0.001.河蚬壳长、壳高、壳宽与湿重的关系分别为：lg BW=-3.45＋3.00 lg SL、lgBW=-3.23＋2.891gSH、lgBW=-2.87＋2.971gSW,表明河蚬为等速生长.2010--2011年,大通湖河蚬平均密度和生物量均较2009年显著增加.2009年,河蚬主要分布于中北部的蜜蜂夹湖区域,2010年开始,几乎遍布整个大通湖,但整体上呈现由东北向西南逐渐递减的趋势,密度和生物量高值均出现在大通湖中部,蜜蜂夹湖、大西湖与尼古湖交界区域.推测养殖过程中物化产品投入的增加是导致大通湖河蚬现存量快速增加的主要原因之一,软体动物捕捞加速了河蚬分布区域的扩展.据此提出了大通湖河蚬合理开发和有效保护的建议.

英文摘要：

Lake Datong is the largest lake for aquaculture in Hunan Province, and also one of the typical shallow water lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Intensive aquaculture in Lake Datong has been enhanced gradually from 1990s on- ward when fertilization technology in piscieuhure was used. At the same time, the fishing of Corbiculafluminea （ MUller, 1774） in Lake Datong has been increased gradually for these years due to the higher economic benefits. In order to achieve effective conser- vation and proper usage of C. fluminea, the present study has investigated the morphological characteristics, standing crops and temporal-spatial distribution of C. fluminea in Lake Datong, with special focus on analyzing the effects of intensive aquaculture and fishing of mollusks on the resources of C. fluminea. Results showed that mean （ ± SE） wet weight （BW） , shell length （ SL）, shell height （SH） , shell width （SW） , relative height, roundness and convexity of C. fluminea with shell length longer than 6 mm were 1.41 ±0.03 g, 14.82 ±0. 09 mm, 13.73±0. 09 mm, 9. 72 ±0. 06 mm, 0. 930 ±0. 001, 0. 660 ±0. 001 and 0.7 10 ± 0. 001, respectively. The relationships between shell length-weight, shell height-weight and shell width-weight of C. flu- minea were lg BW = -3.45 ±3.00 lg SL; lg BW = -3.23 ±2.89 lg SH; lg BW = -2.87 ±2.97 lg SW, respectively, which showed that the growth of C. fluminea was isometric. Mean （ ± SE） density and biomass of C. fluminea in Lake Datong increasedsignifiemltly from 2009. In 2009, C. fluminea were mainly distributed in the central and north part of Lake Datong, i.e. a sub- lake area called Lake Mifengjia. After 2010,the distribution of C. fluminea extended significantly and occupied almost all areas of Lake Datong, which showed a decreasing pattern from the northeast to southwest. Higher density and biomass mainly occurred at the interactioll zone of three sub-lakes （ i. e. Lake Mifengjia, Lake Daxi and Lake Nigu）. The results indicated that