木质素磺酸盐价格低廉,容易获得,若将其作为洗油剂中的牺牲剂,可较大幅度地降低洗油成本.以华北油田原油、华北平原典型表层土壤为模拟原料,配制了石油污染土壤,探讨木质素磺酸铵和木质素磺酸钠的洗油性能,以及木质素磺酸盐与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、曲拉通和平平加的复配效果.实验以碳酸钠和硅酸钠为助剂,经反复实验筛选,确定了4组最佳洗油剂配方:(Ⅰ)6(曲拉通):6(平平加):8(木素钠):40(硅酸钠):40(碳酸钠);(Ⅱ)6(曲拉通):6(壬酚聚醚):8(木素钠):35(硅酸钠):45(碳酸钠);(Ⅲ)9(曲拉通):3(壬酚聚醚):8(木素钠):50(硅酸钠):30(碳酸钠);(Ⅳ)6(曲拉通):6(壬酚聚醚):3(木素铵):5(木素钠):35(硅酸钠):45(碳酸钠).以此配方为基础,利用正交实验设计对搅拌温度、时间、固液比和加药浓度等工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明:当搅拌温度75℃、搅拌时间50 min、固液比1:15、加药总浓度为0.3g/L时,洗油率可达92.25%.清洗后污油无明显乳化现象,且浮于液面,只须简单刮油即可回收.
The cost of oil washing can be greatly reduced if using lignosulfonate as the sacrifacial agent in the washing agent because of its low price. So the artificial oil contaminated soil was confected by using the crude oil of Huabei Oilfield and the typical soil of North China Plain with evaluation the oil washing capability of ammonium lignosulfonate and sodium lignosulfonate, the combination ability of lignosulfonate with triton, peregal and nonylphenol ethoxylate. When sodium carbonate and sodium silicate were selected as the assistant reagent, four optimality formulation were confirmed through repeated experiments and selection : ( Ⅰ ) 6 (triton) : 6 (peregal) : 8 ( sodium lignosulfonate ) : 40 ( sodium silicate) : 40 ( sodium carbonate) ; (Ⅱ ) 6 (triton) : 6 ( nonylphenol ethoxylate) : 8 ( sodium lignosulfonate) : 35 ( sodium silicate) : 45 ( sodium carbonate) ; ( Ⅲ ) 9 ( triton ) : 3 ( nonylphenol ethoxylate) : 8 ( sodium lignosulfonate) : 50 ( sodium silicate) : 30 ( sodium carbonate ) ; ( Ⅳ ) 6 ( triton ) : 6 ( nonylphenol ethoxylate) : 3 ( ammonium lignosulfonate ) : 5 ( sodium lignosulfonate ) : 35 ( sodium silicate ) : 45 ( sodium carbonate). Using these formulation, designed an orthogonal experiment to optimize the process conditions of agitate temperature, agitate time, solid-liquid ratio and reagent concentration. The result indicated that when agitate temperature at 75 ℃, agitate time 50 min, solid liquid ratio 1: 15, reagent concentration 0.3 g/L, the efficiency of oil washing can be up to 92.25 %. Simple shaving can recover the oil floated on the surface without obvious emulsification.