中文摘要：

基于因素分解模型,追溯不同流域区粮食生产变化的贡献来源,探讨水资源约束下的粮食生产格局变化及其优化思路。研究发现,1995-2010年,北方贫水区粮食增产明显,以松辽河区和淮河区最为显著,前者主要通过扩大复种增产,后者则主要依靠单产促产。虽然北方普遍有扩玉米的粮食品种调整现象,但由于粮食增产对扩大灌溉、调增耕地复种指数的依赖,农业用水除滦海河区和黄河区稳中有降,其它北方产区仍居高不下。同期,雨水充沛的东南沿海地区,粮食减产明显,且减产主要来自水稻面积的强烈收缩,农业用水亦减量明显。最后基于优化配水的视角,探讨了粮食可持续增产策略。

英文摘要：

Changes in grain production are decomposed and compared among nine major Chinese river basins for the sake of optimal water allocation. The results show that water-deficient northern China, especially the Songliao River Basin and Huai River Basin, contributed the greatest share of the total grain increment from 1995 to 2010. The Songliao River Basin achieved increased grain output largely by expanding multiple cropping, while the Huai River Basin achieved it mainly by improving the yield per unit area. With increased reliance on expanding irrigation and multi-cropping, most northern basins have high levels of agricultural water consumption, despite the rising share of corn, a lower water intensive crop. In contrast, over the same period the warm and humid south, traditionally a major rice-growing area, mostly experienced a sharp decline in rice cropping area and the Southeast Rivers Basin even reduced multiple cropping indexes, contributing to decreased agricultural water consumption. Implications of our findings and the need for tackling the imbalance of agricultural water use in grain production are discussed.