中文摘要：

粮食直补是农业补贴政策的核心,在保障粮食安全、提高农民收入水平方面发挥着非常重要的导向性功能。本文从保障粮食安全、公平收入分配和弥补农业生产机会成本等多维视角诠释了粮食直补的理论基础与现实依据,并基于横截面数据的回归分析,从整体上检验了粮食直补政策传导机制的有效性;同时还运用数据包络分析方法（DEA）测算了2004年29个地区及2005年23个地区的粮食直补效率。结果显示：我国粮食直补效率不高的主要原因是技术无效率。

英文摘要：

Grain direct subsidy is the core of agricultural subsidy policy,which plays a significant guiding role in ensuring grain security and raising farmers＇ income.This paper first analyzes the theoretical and realistic basis of grain direct subsidy from a multidimensional perspective： ensuring grain safety,regulating income distribution and compensating for opportunity cost of agricultural production factors.Then it tests the effectiveness of the whole conduction mechanism based on regression analysis of cross section data.Next,it measures the efficiency of the grain direct subsidy of 29 provinces in 2004 and that of 23 provinces in 2005 with DEA（data envelopment analysis）.It concludes that the main reason for low efficiency of grain direct subsidy is technological inefficiency.