中文摘要：

选用204对SSR标记对全国野生大豆群体（174份代表性样本）的基因组扫描，采用TASSEL软件的GLM（general linear model）方法对百粒重、开花期、成熟期、干豆腐得率、干豆乳得率和耐淹性性状值关联分析，解析与性状关联位点的优异等位变异，鉴别出一批与农艺、加工性状关联的优异等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料：进一步分析极值表型材料的遗传构成。结果表明：（1）累计51个位点（次）与性状关联，有些标记同时与2个或多个性状相关联，可能是性状相关的遗传基础；关联位点中累计16位点（次）与连锁分析定位的QTL一致；（2）与地方品种群体和育成品种群体的关联位点比较，发现野生群体关联位点只有少数与之相同，群体间育种性状的遗传结构有明显差异。（3）与多性状关联的位点其等位变异对不同性状的效应方向可相同可不同，如GMES5532a—A332对百粒重和耐淹性的相对死苗率都是增效效应，而GMES5532a-A344对百粒重是减效效应，对相对死苗率是增效效应：（41极值表型材料问的遗传构成有很大差异。表型值大的材料携带较多增效效应大的位点等位变异，例如N23349的百粒重是9．08g，含有4个增效效应较大的位点等位变异；表型值小的材料携带较多减效效应大的位点等位变异，如N23387的百粒重是0．75g，含有4个减效效应较大的位点等位变异。关联作图得到的信息可以弥补连锁定位信息的不足，尤其是全基因组位点上复等位变异的信息为育种提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。

英文摘要：

Association analysis is potential in genetic dissection of germplasm accessions and breeding materials for designing crosses and improving selection efficiencies. The present study was aimed at finding elite QTLs/alleles as well as their carriers through genetic dissection of agronomic-processing traits in Chinese annual wild soybean （Glycine soja Sieb, et Zucc,） population for improvement and broadening the genetic background of modem soybean cultivars. The genotypic data of 204 simple-sequence repeat （SSR） markers on 174 wild accessions sampled from and evenly distributed in all the wild soybean eco-regions in China were used and analyzed for association with six agronomic and processing traits under TASSEL GLM （general linear model） pro- gram based on the population structure analysis. The QTLs significantly associated with the traits were analyzed fiarther for their allele effects. The results showed： （1） Fifty-one SSR loci （times） associated with the six agronomic-processing traits were identi-fied in the wild population. There were a few markers/loci associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be the genetic bases of correlation among the traits. Sixteen of fifty-one associated loci （times） were in agreement with mapped QTLs from linkage mapping procedure. （2）There existed only a few association loci in wild population coincided with those in landrace and released cultivar populations, indicating the difference of genetic structure among the three kinds of populations. （3） A set of elite alleles of detected loci and their carrier materials were screened out. Alleles for loci associated with several traits had differ-ent phenotypic effects in different traits, e.g. GMES5532a-A332 had positive phenotypic effect for both 100-seed weight and seedling death rate under submergence, while GMES5532a-A344 had negative effect on 100-seed weight but positive effect on seedling death rate under submergence. （4）There showed great difference of the genetic structur