中文摘要：

微生物细胞传感器是以微生物细胞作为生物敏感元件，可以快速地感应和监测环境中的总毒性以及各类污染物。经过几十年的发展，微生物细胞传感器从最初的仅仅利用发光菌这种非特异性的报告菌株发展到对微生物细胞进行基因水平上的遗传改造构建特异性的报告菌株。有关该领域研究的报导越来越多，本文重点综述了微生物细胞传感器报告菌株构建方面的研究进展情况，介绍了基因表达调控元件的选择和各种类型的报告基因，污染物诱导报告基因表达的机制，以及报告菌株后期的固定化和生物芯片技术，并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Microbial cell biosensor, using microorganism cells as biological sense organ, helps quick detection and monitoring total toxicity and various kinds of pollutants in the environment. The past few decades have witnessed significant development of biosensor, from directly using bioluminescent bacteria, a certain type of non-specific bioreporter, to constructing specific bioreporter bacteria strains via genetic modification. Reports in this field have been increasing in volume recently. A review was presented with emphasis on development trends of whole-cell biosensors and bioreporter bacteria strains, and introduction to selection of gene expression regulation elements and various kinds of reporter genes, mechanisms of pollutant-inducing gene expression, fixing up of bioreporter strains in their phase and technique of biochip, and also their development in future.