中文摘要：

【目的】在龙眼上,营养系杂交和杂种真实性早期鉴定的工作都还开展甚少,为了研发出既操作简便又稳定可靠的早期鉴定技术,【方法】以人工杂交获得的‘凤梨朵’ב大乌圆’的大规模F1代杂交群体（简称FD群体）中的230个单株为试材,先通过40个RAPD引物对双亲进行扩增筛选获得父本特异性的显性标记,再以父本的小规模自交群体（9株）为材料,明确这些标记在自交群体中的分离情况,最终鉴别出纯显性标记并用于对FD群体的杂种真实性鉴定。【结果】结果表明,对双亲进行扩增的RAPD引物中有9个能扩增出父本特异性的显性标记,用这9个引物检测父本自交群体的分离情况,最终鉴别出纯显性标记1个,用其对FD群体中的230个单株进行杂种真实性鉴定,发现有223个单株为真杂种,真杂种比例高达96.96%。【结论】既获得了早期鉴定杂种真实性的简便方法,又证明了创建的龙眼杂种群体非常可靠,值得在今后的育种工作中借鉴和使用。

英文摘要：

[Objective]Clonal cross-breeding is a main approach to breed new fruit cultivars, and devel- oping convenient and reliable techniques for early hybrid identification is necessary. However, there are still few reports on clonal cross-breeding and hybrid identification related to longan. [Method]In this study, longan hybrids from ＇Fengliduo＇ x ＇Dawuyuan＇ F1 population created by artificial crossing were used as research materials. Nine RAPD primers that produced male specific markers were selected from 40 RAPD primers that used to analyze parental cultivars; nine self-crossed progenies of ＇Dawuyuan＇ were detected by these 9 selected primers, and a male homozygous dominant marker that corresponded to an inseparable loci were found for identifying individuals in F1 population. [Result] 230 individuals were de- tected and 223 were identified as real hybrids of ＇Fengliduo＇x＇Dawuyuan＇ with a high rate up to 96.96%. [Conclusion] In this study, an efficient method for identifying early hybrids was obtained, and the longan hybrid population created was proved reliable, both of which can be used in further breeding works.