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中文摘要：
在1-2混合模型的基础上，对小孔型和双向进气型脉管制冷机的性能及其内部流场的演化过程进行了数值分析。结果发现，膨胀过程中脉管内会出现气体分流现象，而压缩过程中脉管内会出现气体集合现象，分流界面和集合界面的速度均为零，统称为零界面；在一个周期内，零界面会从脉管一端向另一端移动，称其为零界面效应。零界面效应是制冷机性能提高的重要因素，一个周期内零界面存在的时间越长，制冷机性能越好。在模拟结果的基础上，对零界面效应存在的原因进行了机理性分析，发现小孔阀的引入是脉管中产生零界面的原因，而双向进气阀的引入可以进一步强化零界面效应。小孔型脉管制冷机中零界面存在的时间约为1／6周期，双向进气型脉管制冷机中零界面存在的时间约为1／2周期。
英文摘要：
Based on the 1-D ＆ 2-D combined computational model, numerical optimizing analyses on the performance of the orifice type pulse tube refrigerator （OPTR） and double-inlet type pulse tube refrigerator （DPTR） were carried out. The evolvements process of the flow field in the OPTR and DPTR were examined. The results show that in the compressor expansion process the gas separation phenomenon occurs in the pulse tube, and in the compression process, there exists the gas aggregation phenomenon. The gas velocities in the separation and aggregation interfaces are zero, so the interface is called zero interface. In a period, the zero interface will move from one end of the pulse tube to the other end, which is called zero interface effect. The zero interface effect is an important factor for the performance enhancement of the PTR. The longer the time of the zero interface effect existing in a period, the better the PTR performance. Then based on the simulation results, the mechanism analysis for the existing of zero interface effect was performed. The results show that the introduction of the orifice valve leads to the formation of zero interface effect and the introduction of the double-inlet valve could augment the zero interface effect. For the OPTR, the time of the zero interface existing is about 1/6 period and for the DPTR the existing time of the zero interface is about 1/2 period.
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