中文摘要：

以“陕西省延安市吴起县地质灾害详细调查”项目为依据，对吴起县崩塌的发育类型及特征行了较为详细的野外调查。根据调查结果，将区内黄土崩塌按照破坏模式划分为倾倒式、错落式、垮塌式和剥落式四类，并结合破坏模式，分别从黄土颗粒组成、物理力学性质、斜坡形态、结构面、化学侵蚀、冻融、降雨及人类工程活动等方面对崩塌的影响因素及机理进行了分析。最后，综合考虑各类影响因素，提出了针对性的防治对策。

英文摘要：

Based on the project ＂Detailed Investigations of Geological Disasters in Wuqi County, Yan＇ an City, Shaanxi Province＂, this study carried out a more detailed field investigation on the classification and characteristic of collapse in Wuqi County. According to the results of geological disaster investigation, types of loess collapse were classified as toppling collapse, multistep-falling collapse, subsiding collapse and stripping collapses. Based on the classification, the factors and mechanism of the different collapse patterns were analyzed, which include the sizes and physical and mechanical properties of loess particles, the topography, structural surface, chemical erosion, freeze-thaw, rainfall and human activities, and then the related countermeasures were proposed.