中文摘要：

中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤，如脑缺血损伤、创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤往往伴随着复杂的病理变化，并可能导致多种其他的神经系统疾病。在这一过程中，神经元、神经胶质细胞等多种细胞间通过众多基因表达的变化和相互作用进行精确调控。微小核糖核酸（miRNA）作为一种内源性基因转录后调控分子，在CNS中广泛表达，病理条件下异常表达，并参与调控神经系统损伤后的多种病理过程，是CNS疾病潜在的生物标志物。

英文摘要：

Central nervous system （CNS） injuries, such as cerebral lscnemia, traumatic uram injury （TBI） , and spinal cord injury （SCI） , are often accompanied by complex pathological changes, and could lead to a variety of other neurological diseases. Neurons and glial cells are precisely regulated by many genes. MicroRNA （miRNA）are endogenous molecules discovered in recent years that regulate post transcriptional gene expression. They are highly expressed in the central nervous system and abnormal expressed under pathological conditions. They are involved in regulating variety of pathological processes after CNS injuries, and are CNS disease potential biomarkers. （Chin J Lab Med,2015,38：211-214）