中文摘要：

时间透镜基于时空二元性原理，近年来得到快速发展与广泛应用。时间透镜的发展源自光电子学中工程技术需求和理论发展的双重动力。给出了时间透镜作为超快光学仪器发展历程的综述。对相位调制器、和频产生、交叉相位调制以及四波混频等当前时间透镜的主要实现方案的原理和性能进行了分析和数学描述。相应地，分析了不同实现方案的原理限制以及应用中面临的问题。接下来，将脉冲放大和时频域转换用于超快脉冲检测作为最有代表性的应用进行了说明，其中，对最重要的技术指标分辨率和记录长度进行了定量分析。最后，对一些超快非线性光学原理，如金属纳米结构中表面等离子体激元增强的二阶和三阶光学非线性、石墨烯中强三阶光学非线性导致的四波混频，作为时间透镜发展的潜在机会进行了理论和技术讨论。

英文摘要：

Time lens is based upon space-time duality and has been contributed much attention during the last decade as a widely used optical instrumentation. Improvement of time lens is always enhanced by development of photonics as both engineering requirements and theoretical driving. A historical overview of how this powerful framework had been exploited to develop ultra-fast optical instruments was presented. Current state of implementing time lens by phase modulator （PM）, sum-frequency generation （SFG）, cross-phase modulation （XPM） and four-wave mixing （FWM） were summarized and analyzed by mathematic description. Then, limitations of different implementations of time lens for applications above were analyzed, accordingly. In addition, pulse magnification and time to frequency conversion as the main applications for ultra-fast pulse measurement by time lens were outlined with emphasizing on the evaluation by performances including resolution and record length. Furthermore, some ultra-fast nonlinear principle including surface-plasmon enhanced ultra-fast second- and third-order optical nonlinearities in metallic nanostructure, strong third-order optical nonlinearity induced high efficient FWM in graphene as potential theoretical and technological opportunities to improve time lens were presented and discussed.