中文摘要：

《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》确定了我国科技发展的“自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来”的指导方针，明确了科技发展的重点领域、重大专项和前沿技术，提出了创新型国家建设的总体目标，是指导我国未来15年科技发展的纲领性文件。借鉴发达国家科技发展规划与科技政策的成功经验，对于进一步修订和完善我国科技政策，全面实施国家中长期科技发展规划，加快创新型国家建设具有重要的现实意义。

英文摘要：

＂The National Mid-term and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan＂ issued in February 2006 by the State Council provided new policy guidelines for China＇s science and technology development for the next 15 years. The key concepts of the plan include. ＂self-led innovation, leap-frog progress in key scientific fields, well-supported sustainable development, and leading the future. ＂ The plan identified the primary areas of science and technology for development and set the goal of building an innovative country. The plan is a response to the rapid science and technology revolution in the global setting. It accommodates the urgent needs of science and technology development and sustainable economic growth in China. Given its magnitude and possible impact, it could be a document of profound historical significance. Since 1949, China has compiled seven science and technology development plans. The most outstanding features of this new plan include., clear emphasis on ＂self-led innovation＂ to be the core principle of future science and technology development policy; clear emphasis on prioritizing science and technology outputs social development; and clear which aim at solving major problems desire in establishing a business-led in national economic and science and technology innovation system. DeveloPed countries generally treat the promotion of science and technology innovation as a national strategy. They invest in basic science researches, technology transfers, and the development of high tech industries, for the purposes of injecting new incentives for economic and social development. Since 1990s, the United States, Japan, England, Korea, and others have all worked out their new science and technology development plans and made new science and technology policies. Their policies have many similarities including： continuously raising R＆D investment, attentive to basic research, highly valuing strategic importance of human resources utilization, promoting technology transfer, an