中文摘要：

肾脏肾素-血管紧张素系统（renin-angiotensin system，RAS）在。肾小球硬化的发生发展中起到重要作用。近年来的研究表明，胚胎肾脏发育不良能够增加成年后肾脏疾病的易感性，且证实肾小球硬化可能具有宫内发育起源。相关研究也表明，各种因素导致的孕期不良宫内环境会分别导致胚胎期、成年后RAS出现病理性改变，进而导致胎儿肾脏发育不良、致成年后肾小球硬化易感。

英文摘要：

It is well known that renin-angiotensin system of kidney （R.AS） plays a crucial role in the development of glomerulosclerosis. Many previous studies have suggested that fetal renal dysplasia might increase susceptibility to renal diseases in adult offspring, which indicates that glomerulosclerosis has the fetal origin. Related studies have shown that adverse prenatal environment resulting from various factors can lead to pathological changes of RAS in fetal and adult period respectively, leading to dysplasia of fetal kidney development and the susceptibility to glomerulosclerosis in the adult offspring.