中文摘要：

正渗透技术为水资源和环境问题提供了低能耗、高效率的解决方法,同时正渗透技术还是一种绿色能源技术,可以将自然界中常见的渗透能直接转化为电能。近年来,正渗透技术在国际上得到了广泛的重视,探索和研究工作正不断发展。本文就正渗透技术中的膜材料最新进展和正渗透技术在海水淡化、绿色能源、污水回用、航空航天、食品浓缩等行业的应用进行了详实的综述,并展望了我国在该领域的发展前景。

英文摘要：

Forward osmosis（FO）is a low energy consuming and efficient solution for water and environmental problems. FO converts osmotic energy to electricity via pressure retarded osmosis process,therefore it is also a green energy technology. In recent years,FO has attracted worldwide attention for research and development,ranging from governmental funding to company research plan. In this review,the state-of-the-art in FO membrane materials and applications are summarized. Various applications of FO in seawater desalination,osmotic power,wastewater reuse,aeronautics and astronautics,beverage and other novel processes are introduced.