中文摘要：

泌尿系统肿瘤异质性高，易复发和转移。小动物活体成像技术是生物及医学研究领域的一项新兴技术，近年来，其在肿瘤发生发展机制的基础研究中不断深入，这些研究对患者临床诊断、肿瘤转移、预后的判断、抗肿瘤药物研发以及个体化治疗指导具有深远意义。本文纵览近年来相关文献，总结了小动物活体成像技术及其在泌尿系统肿瘤动物模型研究中的应用进展，以期对泌尿系肿瘤的临床诊断、治疗、疗效判断及抗肿瘤药物研发提供新思路。

英文摘要：

Urinary system tumors are characterized by high heterogeneity,inclination to relapse and metastasis. Small animal in vivo imaging technique is an emerging technique involving the biological and medical field of study. In recent years, small animal in vivo imaging technique in the basic research of tumor progress is deepening and has far-reaching significance on the judgement of the clinical diagnosis, tumor metastasis, prognosis, antitumor drug development and individual treatment. The recent literatures on progress of small animal in vivo imaging technique in urologic neoplasms in animal models are reviewed, to provide new ideas for the judgement of the clinical diagnosis, treatment and antitumor drug development of urologic neoplasms.