中文摘要：

目的 根据我国国情自行开发城市小学生忽视评价常模,以明确影响小学生忽视的主要危险因素,为制订科学的干预措施奠定基础.方法 在全国分层随机抽取具有代表性的24个城市,共调查4 057例小学生,其中男生占51.3%;少数民族占8.3%.使用SPSS13.0软件建立数据库,进行①忽视危险因素的单因素分析;②Binary Logistic回归分析;③多元线性逐步回归分析.结果 中国城市6～8岁组和9～11岁组小学生总忽视率分别为28.8%和27.2%,忽视度分别为42.8和42.1,其中6～8岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为43.3和42.3（P〈0.05）,忽视率分别为31.5%和26.2%（P〈0.05）;9～11岁组男、女学生忽视度分别为43.6和40.5（P〈0.01）,忽视率分别为34.8%和22.7%（P〈0.01）,均处于较高水平.6个忽视层面危险因素及总忽视度分析显示,6～8岁儿童母亲文化程度（t=4.661,P〈0.01）、有自己的房间（t=5.078,P〈0.01）、家庭类型（t=-5.035,P〈0.01）、与父母的关系（t=3.106,P〈0.01）、家中孩子数（t=3.254,P〈0.01）、是否住校（t=-2.498,P〈0.05）、每月零用钱（t=-2.203,P〈0.05）为主要的忽视危险因素;9～11岁儿童与母亲关系（t=8.584,P〈0.01）、与父亲的关系（t=7.203,P〈0.01）、性别（t=-5.707,P〈0.01）、母亲文化程度（t=4.551,P〈0.01）、有自己的房间（t=3.798,P〈0.01）、父母之间的关系（t=3.088,P〈0.01）为主要的忽视危险因素.结论 我国城市存在的小学生忽视危险因素很多,特别是在情感忽视和教育忽视方面;影响儿童忽视的危险因素主要有性别、与子女的互动与交流、父母间关系、社会地位和经济水平、母亲文化程度、家庭类型,家中人口和孩子数量等;儿童忽视危险因素除性别外,其它与国外学者研究结果 基本一致.

英文摘要：

Objective To survey relevant risk factors of neglect for urban pupils aged 6 - 11 years in China based on Pupils Neglect Norms developed in China, so as to provide a basis for performing scientific interventions. Methods In stratified cluster random sampling method, 4 057 pupils （the males accounted for 51. 3% and those in minority nationality accounted for 8. 3% ） from 24 cities which were representative of 12 provinces of China, in accordance to sex and age. SPSS 3.0 edition software was employed for statistic analysis. Single factor analysis was conducted by usingx2 test（Chi-Square） and muhifactorial analysis was conducted by using binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Results The total prevalences of neglect among urban pupils in China were 28.8% among boys and 27.2% among girls and the total neglect degrees among boys anf girls were 42.8 and 42. 1 respectively. Of which, the neglect degrees among boys and girls in 6 - 8 years age group were 43.3 and 42.3 respectively and the prevalences of neglect for boys and girls were 31.5% and 26.2% respectively, there were significant differences between the two genders in neglect degree and prevalence of neglect （ both P 〈 0.05）. Among pupils in 9 - 11 years age group, the neglect degrees and prevalence of neglect were 43.6 and 40.5, 34.8% and 22.7% respectively, which were both in higher levels and there were significant differences between the two genders （ both P 〈0.01 ）. Single factor analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression showed that main risk factors of neglect for pupils in 6 - 8 years age group included mother＇ s educational background （ t = 4. 661, P 〈 0. 01 ）, owning pupils＇ private room （ t = 5. 078, P 〈 0.01 ）, family structure （ t = - 5. 035, P 〈 0. 01 ）, relation between parents and children （ t = 3. 106, P 〈 0. 01 ）, number of children in the family （t = 3. 254, P 〈 0.01 ）, pupils living in the school （ t = - 2. 498,P 〈 0.05 ） and monthl