中文摘要：

在《爱思唯尔科学哲学手册》这部科学哲学丛书中，《一般科学哲学：焦点主题》具有纲领性与整合性意义，它呈现了一般科学哲学的整体图景，对其核心论题予以系统阐释，同时展示出它与具体科学哲学之间的关联，揭示了一般科学哲学的解释与批判功能。其中，对于科学理论的解释功能是基础，科学解释的核心又集中体现为概念的语义分析与概念进步，这一语义分析过程也是概念意义的建构过程和不断语境化的进程。因此，在超越“语言学转向”的基础上回归语义分析并实现语境的模型化、形式化和计算化是科学解释与意义建构的必然要求与合理选择，也凸显了该趋向对当前科学哲学研究的重要方法论意义。

英文摘要：

In the series of Handbook of the Philosophy of Science , the book General Philosophy of Science： Focal Is- sues is of guiding and integrative significance. It presents an overall picture of general philosophy of science, illumi- nates its core issues systematically, shows the association between the general philosophy of science and the philoso- phy of specific sciences, and reveals the explicative and critical functions of the former, among which, the function of explicating scientific theories is the basis. The core of scientific explication is the semantic analysis of concepts and the progress of concepts. Moreover, the process of semantic analysis is also the process of meaning construction of concepts and the constant contextualization. Therefore, it is necessary and reasonable for us to go beyond the lin- guistic turn, refocus on the semantic analysis and realize modelization, formalization and computablity of context in the scientific explication and meaning construction. This is of great methodological significance to the current re- search on philosophy of science.