中文摘要：

卵巢性生殖疾病发生的主要原因之一是卵子发生过程中减数分裂发生或染色体分离异常。为了更好地进行这些生殖疾病的诊断和治疗，需要充分地了解个体发育的生物学过程中及关键时间点。鉴于此，本文主要阐述了哺乳动物生殖细胞早期发生和减数分裂启动的生理过程，介绍生殖细胞的出现、迁移、性别分化和减数分裂的整个过程。深入了解卵母细胞发生过程将为利用体外发育来源的卵母细胞治疗卵巢性生殖疾病，克服女性不孕、卵巢早衰等重大疾病提供一定的理论支持。

英文摘要：

： A large number of studies have shown that, one of the most major effection is the abnormalities of chromosome segregation during meiosis. In order to carry out the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive diseases better, we need to understand the key point of these biological process, sush as the early development of germ cell and start of meiosis. In this view, we focuses on the specification, migration, sex differentiation and the process of meiosis of germ cells. In - depth understanding of the process of oocyte formation will help us to treat reproductive diseases, overcome female infertility, premature ovarian failure, and so on.