中文摘要：

通过对2013年春季中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站站区内阳坡开阔地和阴坡雪岭云杉80%和20%开阔度林冠下气温、大气湿度、风速以及雪面短波和长波辐射的观测研究,分析了融雪期不同开阔度林冠下积雪表面能量平衡特征。结果表明：由于植被影响,阴坡雪岭云杉林冠下积雪表面净短波辐射和显热明显小于阳坡开阔地,但净长波辐射损失小于阳坡开阔地。阴坡林冠下积雪表面总能量明显小于阳坡开阔地,因此阴坡森林积雪融雪开始消融和结束时间明显晚于阳坡开阔地。在阴坡,林冠开阔度越大,雪面获得的净短波辐射和显热越大,但损失的净长波辐射和潜热也越大。不同开阔度林冠下和阳坡开阔地积雪表面的净短波辐射、显热和潜热有相同的日变化特征,但是森林积雪表面夜晚的显热和潜热多为0 W/m2;阴坡森林积雪表面长波辐射日变化特征明显不同于阳坡开阔地雪面。

英文摘要：

Air temperature,relative humility,wind speed,shortwave and longwave radiation beneath 80% and20% canopy openness forest（ shady slope） and in runoff field（ sunny slope） were measured in Tianshan Research Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche of Chinese Academy of Sciences in the spring of 2013. The characteristics of energy budget on forest snow surface during snowmelt period were analyzed. The results showed,due to the effect of forest,the net shortwave radiation and sensible heat flux on snow surface beneath forest canopy at the shady slope were significantly lower than that at open site at sunny slope,but the loss of net longwave radiation on snow surface beneath forest canopy was lower than that at open site. The total energy heat flux on snow surfsce beneath forest canopy was significantly lower than that at open site,thus,the start and end time of snow melt beneath forest canopy were significantly later than that at open site. Beneath forest canopy at shady slope,the larger the forest canopy was,the higher the gain of sensible heat flux and net shortwave radiation were,the higher the loss of latent heat flux and net longwave radiation were. The daily variation of net shortwave radiation,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux on snow surface beneath different canopy openness forest and on sunny slop was similar,but the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux on snow surface beneath forest at nighttime were almost equal to 0 W / m2. Under the influence of vegetation,the daily variation of longwave radiation on snow surface beneath forest was significantly different with the daily variation in sunny slope.