中文摘要：

捕食者与猎物的关系研究对了解物种捕食行为及种群空间格局具有重要意义。采用Avisoft Bioacoustics超声波仪录制马铁菊头蝠自然状态下的声波以确定其捕食活动强度,用灯诱法、扫网法和飞行阻隔法相结合采集昆虫,搜集蝙蝠粪便并分析其食物组成。结果表明,马铁菊头蝠在8月份活动最频繁,昆虫丰富度在8月份最丰富,马铁菊头蝠捕食活动与鳞翅目丰富度呈显著正相关。马铁菊头蝠主要以鳞翅目和鞘翅目为食,但食性存在明显的月份变化。卡方检验结果表明,马铁菊头蝠捕食的猎物与环境中可利用的昆虫猎物存在显著差异。在食物资源丰富时,马铁菊头蝠选择性地捕食营养丰富的鞘翅目昆虫。

英文摘要：

The relationships between forager and prey are significant to understanding foraging behaviour and spatial patterns of populations.Rhinolophus ferrumequinum is an endemic species in Eurasia which has been listed as lower risk and near threatened（LR/nt species） in IUCN Red List. We first reported the relationships between the foraging activities of greater horseshoe bats and insect resources.We used acoustic surveys to obtain activity frequency of R.ferrumequinum.At the same time,we used light traps,flight intercept traps and sweep nets to capture the insects at every sampling site.The insects were identified to family.We captured R.ferrumequinum with mist nests at the cave entrance when they returned from foraging in order to collect their feces.The diets were ascertained by fecal analysis.We used ANOVA to analyze the differences of bat activity between months.Partial correlation was used to correlate the frequency of bat activity and multiple insect parameters.Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals （95%） were calculated to evaluate selection for or against prey categories.The results showed that greater horseshoe bats mainly foraged on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera,however,there were some seasonal variations in the diets.The foraging activity was significantly positively correlated with Lepidoptera abundance.Chi-square tests showed that there were significant differences between the diet of greater horseshoe bats and the available insects in the environment.While insect abundance was high in the environment,greater horseshoe bats selectively foraged on Coleoptera,which were quite nutritious for bats.