中文摘要：

收集中国自然科学基金生命科学部1995--2013年在高校立项并结题的项目投入产出及执行数据，采用倾向值匹配和回归分析探寻青年科研基金的资助与高校青年教师科研绩效之间的因果关系。研究得出如下结论：获得青年基金能够显著提高高校青年教师未来的科研产出数量和质量；青年基金的获得属性是影响青年教师后续研究产出的主要变量，而资助额度的影响并不显著。建议应当适当扩大青年科研基金的资助范围，以覆盖更多的优秀青年教师为主，以调整资助额度为辅。

英文摘要：

By collecting the data of the research projects in universities from National Natural Science Foundation of China in Life Sciences field from 1995 to 2013, through combining Propensity Score Matching with Regression Analysis, the casual effect between youth science fund and academic performance of young college teachers has been investigated. It is found that, firstly, the youth science fund has a significant positive effect on the quantity and quality of the research of young college teachers; secondly, the acquisition.attribute of funding is the main variable that influences the subsequent research output of young teachers, while the amount of funding has no significant effect on young college teachers＇ achievements. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should adjust its funding policies to prioritize extending the coverage of funding programs over increasing the amounts of funding to the young college teachers