中文摘要：

双酚A（BPA）对水生生物有多种毒性效应,其中雌激素作用尤为显著.本研究依据BPA对水生生物是否有雌激素效应,把数据分为两类,并通过商值法、安全阈值法、商值概率法以及联合概率曲线法评价了我国淡水水体中BPA对水生生物的风险程度.结果表明,采用4种评价方法得出的结果相近,我国淡水生物对BPA的雌激素效应较BPA对水生生物的其他毒性作用更为敏感;安全阈值法较商值法、商值概率法、联合概率风险评价法误差较小,评价结果更为可信.用安全阈值法评价结果表明,以BPA的雌激素作用为效应终点时,水生生物长期暴露于我国淡水环境中,我国64.70%的淡水水体有导致超过5%的水生生物受到雌激素作用的风险,BPA安全浓度上限为15.72 ng·L-1;而水生物种短期暴露于我国淡水环境中,我国20.43%的淡水水体有导致超过5%的我国淡水生物受BPA雌激素作用的干扰,此时BPA安全浓度上限为2.24×102ng·L-1.

英文摘要：

Bisphenol A（BPA） has many toxic effects on aquatic organisms,of which the most obvious effect is the estrogenic effect.The data collected in the study were divided into two parts,based on the response of the tested organisms to the estrogenic effects of BPA and their exposed time,and the risk of BPA to Chinese aquatic water was assessed by using quotient method,quotient exponent and probability method,safety threshold value method and joint probability risk assessment,respectively.Similar results were derived from the above four methods.Aquatic organisms were more sensitive to the estrogenic effects of BPA than other toxic effects.The results of risk assessment from safety threshold value method were more accurate and confident than the other three methods.Using the chronic data of BPA＇s estrogenic effect on tested organisms as the endpoint for risk assessment in safety threshold value method,it was found that in 64.70% of the Chinese freshwaters more than 5% of aquatic organisms were affected by the estrogenic toxicity of BPA,and the maximum allowable concentration of BPA was 15.72 ng.L-1.Using the acute data of such effects as endpoint in safety threshold value method,in about 20.43% volume of the Chinese freshwaters more than 5% of aquatic organisms were affected by the estrogenic toxicity of BPA,and the maximum allowable concentration was 2.24 × 102ng.L-1.