中文摘要：

目的：小脑顶核是小脑调节信息的最后输出核团之一,本研究探讨小脑顶核至下丘脑后区的神经投射可为小脑调节免疫等功能的途径及机制提供形态学基础。方法：单侧小脑顶核微量注射顺行追踪剂葡聚糖-德克萨斯红（Dextran-Texas Red,Dextran-TR）,观察小脑顶核至下丘脑后区的神经投射路径;下丘脑后区微量注射逆行追踪剂红色荧光金（Fluoro-Ruby,FR）逆行追踪投射到下丘脑后区的顶核神经元;结合谷氨酸免疫荧光组织化学染色确定小脑顶核—下丘脑后区投射的递质性质。结果：Dextran-TR顺行追踪可见顶核神经元发出离核纤维,行走于小脑上脚中,在小脑上脚交叉处交叉到对侧,部分纤维终止于下丘脑后区;FR逆行追踪结合谷氨酸免疫荧光组织化学染色发现小脑顶核有直接投射到下丘脑后区的神经元,且部分神经元为谷氨酸能神经元。结论：小脑顶核向下丘脑后区有直接的谷氨酸能神经投射。

英文摘要：

Objective： The cerebellar fastigial nucleus（FN） is one of the final output nuclei of modulatory information from the cerebellum.The present study was to investigate the neuronal projection from the cerebellar FN to posterior hypothalamic area（PH） so as to provide morphological foundation for the pathway and mechanism of cerebellar regulation of immune function.Methods： Anterograde tracer Dextran-Texas Red（Dextran-TR） was microinjected into unilateral cerebellar FN to observe the pathway of the neuronal projection from the cerebellar FN to PH.Fluoro-Ruby（FR） was microinjected into unilateral PH to retrogradely trace FN neurons projecting to PH.In conjunction with glutamate immunohistochemistry the property of neurotransmitter used by the FN-PH projection was identified.Results： Anterograde tracing with Dextran-TR displayed that the labeled fibers from the cerebellar FN neurons traveled through the superior cerebellar peduncle（SCP）,crossed in SCP decussation and part of them terminated in PH.Retrograde tracing with FR in conjunction with glutamate immunohistochemical procedure revealed that there were neurons directly projecting to the PH in cerebellar FN and some of them were glutamatergic neurons.Conclusion： There are direct glutamatergic projections from the cerebellar FN to PH.