中文摘要：

对于鸟群、鱼群、菌群等生物群体大规模有序群集运动发生机理的探究，吸引了不同学科领域研究者的广泛关注。本文从理论建模和实证分析两个角度出发，对近年来群集运动研究所取得的主要成果进行了回顾，总结了基于个体的群集运动建模研究的最新进展，并对生物群集实证研究中发现的新现象进行了整理和分析，最后简要叙述了该领域中一些有待解决的问题及可能的研究方向．

英文摘要：

The study on the collective motion of the biological systems, such as flocks of birds and schools of fish, has attracted the attention of researchers from diverse disciplines whilst the relevant studies are still emerging. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of collective motion on two prospects, the theoretical modelling and the empirical analysis. In particular, the latest developments of the individual-based modelling approach for the collective motion are summarized. Meanwhile, the new phenomena observed from the empirical analysis of the biological swarm system is sorted and analyzed. Finally, a brief discussion is provided to outline the open problems and the possible research directions in collective motion.