中文摘要：

背景：近年来青少年颈椎病的发病率呈逐年递增趋势,以往对颈椎棘突形态特征的研究多以成人为主。目的：探讨青少年颈椎棘突的形态特征。方法：在14~19岁年龄段青少年原配完整颈椎骨标本上对棘突分叉长度、角度、出现率和分型等形态特征进行大体解剖学观测,并与成人干燥骨标本进行比较。结果与结论：青少年C2~C6棘突分叉长度分别是（7.73±1.82）,（5.33±1.43）,（5.62±1.57）,（5.22±1.99）和（5.36±0.98）mm;分叉出现率分别是100.0%,80.0%,73.3%,80.0%和46.7%,其中C2分叉出现率最高,C2与其他节段间的分叉出现率间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,而C7均无分叉。分叉角度从C2~C6分别是（63.07±26.00）°,（70.42±31.43）°,（84.09±31.51）°,（46.17±16.78）°,（59.00±16.90）°。分叉末端形状多呈倒＂U＂或＂V＂字型,部分为＂M＂型;在棘突基本形态特征和以上基本参数上与成人标本基本一致。结果提示14~19岁青少年C2和C7的棘突形态特征其基本参数与成人相似,可作为颈部推拿、中医理疗和手术的定位标志。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： In recent years, the incidence of cervical spondylosis is increased in the young. However, previous studies regarding cervical spinous morphology have been conducted in adults. OBJECTIVE： To explore the morphological characteristics of juvenile cervical spinous process. METHODS： In original complete specimens of cervical vertebra of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, the spinous process bifurcation on the length, angle, and the incidence, type and other morphological features of gross anatomy were observed. And the results were compared with adult dehydration specimens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Young C2-C6 spinous process bifurcation length was （7.73 ± 1.82）, （5.33 ± 1.43）, （5.62 ± 1.57）, （5.22 ± 1.99） and （5.36 ± 0.98） mm, respectively; bifurcation incidence rate was 100.0%, 80.0%, 73.3%, 80.0% and 46.7%, respectively, of which the highest rate occurred in C2 bifurcation, and the bifurcation was significantly different between C2 and other segments （P 0.05）, but there was no bifurcation in C7. Bifurcation angle ranged from C2-C6 was （63.07 ± 26.00）°, （70.42 ± 31.43）°, （84.09 ± 31.51）°, （46.17 ± 16.78）°, （59.00 ± 16.90）°. The shape of the end was inverted ＂U＂ or ＂V＂ shaped, and some was M-typed. The basic morphological characteristics and above parameters of spinous process were consistent with the adult control group. Results showed that C2 and C7 spinous process morphology of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years was similar to the adults, and can be used as location marks of neck massage, Chinese medicine therapy and surgery.