中文摘要：

在分根培养系统中将大豆（Glycine max Merrill）幼苗接种丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）、幼套球囊霉（G.etunicatum）或/和大豆胞囊线虫（SCN,Heterodera glycines）后,定期测定大豆根系中AM真菌及线虫侵染率、病情指数、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,将大豆胞囊线虫与AM真菌接种于分根培养系统同一室或分别接种于不同室,AM真菌均能显著降低大豆病情指数和线虫侵染速率,且将二者接种同一室处理的效果大于不同室处理;与只接种SCN的处理相比,接种摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉3周后在同室接种SCN处理的根围土壤中胞囊数、根上胞囊数和根内线虫数分别降低了47.4%、58.9%、46.6%和50.5%、67.0%、57.5%,表明AM真菌能显著抑制线虫的发育;摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉在一定时间段内诱导了大豆根系过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶的活性。摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉能够诱导大豆植株抵抗大豆胞囊线虫的侵染,既能在同一室的根围局部与SCN竞争侵染位点,又能对不同室的根系诱导产生防御性酶,推测摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉拮抗SCN的效应既是局部的,也是系统性的。

英文摘要：

Soybean（Glycine max Merrill） seedlings were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi,Glomus mosseae,G.etunicatum,or/and soybean cyst nematode（SCN） Heterodera glycines in split-root systems.The dynamic changes of colonization of AM fungi,penetration rate of SCN,disease index,activities of peroxidase（POD）,phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL）,β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in roots were analyzed.Both two arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi were able to decrease the disease index and penetration rate of SCN whether in one compartment or the other compartment of the split-root systems,the AM fungus and SCN inoculation in the same one compartment showed greater effectiveness than that in the two compartments.Compared with the treatment with SCN,the number of cysts in rhizospheric soil,cysts on roots and SCN in roots decreased by 47.4%,58.9%,46.6% and 50.5%,67.0%,57.5% respectively in the treatment inoculated with G.mosseae or G.etunicatum,and inoculated with SCN 3 weeks after AM fungal inoculation.It was indicated that AM fungi could significantly inhibit the development of nematode.The activities of the four enzymes in roots colonized by G.mosseae or G.etunicatum could be induced in a period of time.The AM fungus not only competed with SCN for colonization sites in one compartment,but also activated the defense mechanism of soybean,elicited the defensive enzymes in the other compartment.It was suggested that AM fungi can both systemically and locally antagonize SCN.