中文摘要：

为提高短路阻抗计算精度，采用“磁场一电路”耦合法建立了电力变压器2D轴对称磁场有限元模型以方便得到输入、输出间的对应关系。原边采用载压线圈，选择矢量磁位和线圈电流为自由度；副边与负载相连，选择矢量磁位、线圈电流、感应电动势和端电压为自由度；空气或油介质区域仅选择矢量磁位为自由度。在分析漏磁场的基础上，调节负载使变压器运行于空载、额定及短路状态并在短路时，由线圈中流过电流和额定电流计算变压器的阻抗电压和短路阻抗。对3种结构电缆绕组变压器的计算表明，该耦合法计算精度高、使用方便，为变压器及其它电力设备电磁场的仿真提供了一条途径。

英文摘要：

2D axis-symmetrical FEM model is presented for power transformer. The impedance voltage and short-circuit impedance of transformer is calculated based on the analysis of distribution of leakage field. Voltage applied in primary winding, vector potential and current in coil are selected to be unknown; Load linked to secondary coil, vector magnetic potential, current in coil, electric motive force and terminal voltage are selected to be unknowns, vector magnetic potential is selected to DOF in air or oil. Corresponding parameters＇ relations can be obtained expediently with this method. Changing load, transformer will work at open-circuit, normal and short-circuit, respectively. While load at short-circuit, short-circuit impedance is calculated by current in coil and rating value. Comparing short-circuit impedance of calculation results and experimentation ones for three PowerformTMs, it is illustrated that the method presented in this paper is being of high precision and using expediently. Further more, one approach is provided to simulate magnetic distribution for power transformer and other power apparatus.