中文摘要：

【目的】塑料废物处理是世界环境难题,近期有研究报道黄粉虫可啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,肠道细菌可能在黄粉虫生物降解塑料的过程中起重要作用。本文以啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的黄粉虫幼虫（Tenebrio molitor）为材料,探究其肠道细菌的多样性和细菌群落组成。【方法】分别以聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（聚苯乙烯组）和纸片（对照组）为唯一食物来源喂养黄粉虫幼虫,在90 d后采集粪便样品,对16S r RNA基因V3-V4区进行PCR扩增和高通量测序,并以PICRUSt进行肠道菌群的功能预测。【结果】饲喂期间,两组黄粉虫均正常存活,部分幼虫完成变态发育。泡沫塑料有明显的减重。样本测序共得到144 258条有效序列,179个OTU,共涉及10个门111个属。其中,聚苯乙烯组黄粉虫的肠道细菌在属水平高丰度的是Alcaligenes（35.9%）、Brevundimonas（12.3%）、Myroides（10.3%）。基于16S r RNA基因序列的功能预测表明,在聚苯乙烯组中,芳香类化合物的降解基因被明显富集。【结论】高通量测序揭示了啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的黄粉虫肠道菌群的多样性,这对从黄粉虫肠道中分离高效降解聚苯乙烯的细菌具有指导意义。

英文摘要：

[Objective] Recently, researchers reported that polystyrene-eating mealworms （Tenebrio molitor） can degrade plastic and the key point might be gut microbiota, which may open a new way to solve the global plastic pollution problem. We try to explore the structure of microbial communities in the polystyrene-eating mealworms＇ gut. [Methods] Mealworms were divided into 2 groups fed with polystyrene or paper for 90 days. After that, bacterial community structure of their gut microbiota were studied by high-throughput sequencing targeting V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene. PICRUSt was used to predict the community function based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. [Results] In total, 144 258 high-quality sequences and 174 OTUs were obtained, which were classified into lll genera in l0 phyla. The three most dominant bacterial genera in polystyrene-eating mealworms＇ gut were Alcaligenes, Brevundimona and Myroides, ranked by the relative abundance. The genes related to aromatic compounds degradation were significantly enriched in the polystyrene-eating group. [Conclusion] The result indicated the diversity of bacterial community in the gut of polystyrene-eating group, which may guide the isolation of the bacteria that can degrade polystyrene.