中文摘要：

基因治疗已经成为现代医疗中极具发展潜力的治疗手段。选择合适的运转载体是基因治疗成功与否的关键之一。尽管病毒载体转染效率很高，但是其免疫源性和安全性等问题限制了它的应用。通过化学反应制备而成的纳米粒作为非病毒转染载体有效解决了上述问题，从而提高了基因转染效率。近年来，大量的研究表明以聚乙烯亚胺为基础的纳米粒已经成为基因转染、药物递释系统、细胞生物学研究中比较理想的运转载体。就聚乙烯亚胺的基本性质、制备及其在医学上的应用作一综述。

英文摘要：

Gene therapy has been widely explored as a promising therapeutic tool in modern medical treatment. It is one of key steps for gene therapy to choose efficient carrier. In spite of the high transfection effi- ciencies of viral vectors, their utilization has been impaired due to immunogenicity and safety. Nanoparticles made by chemical reaction act as non-viral vector, which solved above-mentioned problems, enhanced efficiency of gene transfection. In recent years, polyethyleneimine-based nanoparticles have become ideal carriers in the research of gene transfection, drug controlled release system and cell biology. This review focuses on properties, preparation and application of nanoparticles based on polyethyleneimine.